This original research is a re-examination of the historical origins of ecology and nature protection movements, and their epistemological development, by testing their theoretical frameworks. It is revealed that ecology, like biology, for historical reasons has developed a scientific practice without fundamental scientific laws, severely limiting the ability of ecologists to produce generalizable results. Today this situation severely limits the relevance and credibility of much of ecological research in political arenas.
New publication: Wood Decay at Sea
Shipworms were a significant hazard for maritime navigation for millennia. While there are a number of publications that describe the species of shipworms present in different marine environments, few have tried to estimate the rate of wood removal as the infestation progresses from in situ observations.